Two different types of f2 corn ears are provided in the kit. The purpose of this project is to develop and improve corn with quality, desirable nutritional properties, tolerance or resistance to stresses, adaptation, and competitive yield. The corn is the product of a dihybrid cross, so that the phenotype of the kernels will follow a 9. Corn genetics and chi square analysis biology lessons. In this activity, students count kernels on an ear of corn. Genetics lab fall 2000 sample lab report for lab 1 even those of you who just answered the questions no doubt noticed that if you strung those answers together and added the appropriate headings, youd get something very close to a real lab report. This is a simple experiment to illustrate epistasis. Download spreadsheet online spreadsheet chi square test photos of corn. Describe the role of each component found in cell membrane 1. What f1 genotypes would most likely produce this ear of corn. Its the first labdeveloped trait demonstrated to significantly increase corn yields. Biology 22 corn genetics for this exercise, you will investigate inheritance of kernel color in the corn zea mays. Zeins, the storage proteins of corn, represent 60% of the proteins and are located in protein bodies lending and larkins, 1989.
Corn cobs were provided for the experiment and each cob had more than one phenotype. Monohybrid genetics with corn kit overview storing your kit objectives expectations required knowledge this kit is written primarily as a genetics lab for an introductory high school or middle school biology course. Chi square modeling using candy count the number of each color in a bag to determine if they occur in equal proportions. Corn flour is composed of the endosperm, which generally contains between 75 and 87% starch and 68% protein shukla and cheryan, 2001. Corn plants pollinate via wind, therefore, each kernel may be the product of a different cross. Corn genetics and chi square analysis this lab uses preserved corn where students count the number of starch, sweet, yellow and purple kernels. Home my courses 19wncmp bio12320103 week 6 genetics of corn lab report started on sunday. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. T ake advantage of the first and largest free loan program. Sweet corn grains wrinkle upon drying while starchy grains remain.
Corn genetics and chi square analysis the biology corner. The recurrence risk in several common family situations is illustrated for autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and xlinked inheritance. When the lab receives the specimen, the lab technologist extracts the chromosomes from the cells goal is to extract the chromosomes while the cell is in the metaphase stage of mitosis. Molecular biology and applied genetics 1 chapter one the cell specific learning objectives. An ear of corn is actually a collection of over a hundred offspring, neatly packaged onto a cob, able to be stored long term, perfect for studying genetics. By counting the number of corn kernels by color and texture, we were able to make inferences about the hereditary information alleles which were passed down from the parents. Describe chemical composition of the cell membrane. My hypothesis is that the corn was made from a dihybrid cross. This ear of corn was produced by a dihybrid cross ppss x ppss involving two pairs of heterozygous genes resulting in a. To observe phenotypes and use chi square analysis to determine if results are of good fit. Corn a diploid organism has been widely used to study and illustrate mendelian traits. The the second part of the lab corn is a dihybrid cross of two monohybrids. The purple color is produced by a pigmented layer within the grains. Inheritance of kernel color in corn the american biology teacher.
I finally figured this out how to attach files on here. There is a disagreement between kenneth schaffner and david hull about the relationship between the biological theory of mendelian genetics and the physicochemical theory of molecular genetics. The corn and grain sorghum research verification program cgsrvp is contributing significantly toward increasing state corn yields. In the photo, there are four grain phenotypes in the ear of genetic corn. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 761k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. This ear of corn was produced by a dihybrid cross ppss x ppss involving two pairs of heterozygous genes resulting in a theoretical expected ratio of 9. Texas has a wide range of different environments for corn production with chronic limitations such as aflatoxin contamination and drought stress. Amongst his research interests are regulation of gene expression during physiology and disease, with a special focus on understanding penetrance and expressivity, two classical genetics terms that are often collectively used to describe the black. The purpose of this experiment is to count the number of phenotypes in 5 rows of kernels on a corn cob and to make an educated prediction on its genotype and its parents genotypes.
New hybrids are developed as genetic discoveries are made, stimulated by gardeners and farmers more specialized needs. Zac joined the corn lab as head of the genome engineering and measurement lab in august 2019. S smooth texture, s shrunken texture the purpose of our lab was to examine the traits exhibited on the kernels of corn found on five different rows and discern the genotypes of the parents of the ear of corn. This laboratory investigates a dihybrid cross as shown in the above photo of an ear of corn. Mcgrawhill virtual labs the mcgraw hill virtual lab is great just print off the post lab questions and tables and have students complete the lab ap environmental weblabs uca labs with good descriptions and great standard and simulation labs. Seed to stem workshop maize 060419 48 corn genetics and stats 2. Be sure to use the same five rows for each calculation. However, that trait wont be commercially available for a few years. Ap biology genetics lab california state university. Ap biology weblabs this site has a virtual lab on each of the dirty dozen ap biology labs. Corn can be purchased from biological supply companies or through amazon.
If you created a crop of corn that was higher yielding, but is more likely to be affected by a virus this could be bad if all corn growers begin to use it. Purple and smooth, purple and wrinkled, yellow and smooth, and yellow and wrinkled. Based upon their data and calculated predictions, students will be able to establish the genotype of the parent corn that produced their laboratory specimen. Corn genetics and chi square statistical analysis, using preserved corn and counting kernels corn genetics grow corn, 3.
In this lab, i used indian corn to explore mendelian genetics, independent assortment, and chi square analysis. An inexpensive method to simulate a monohybrid cross. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. We rely on the facility as one of our main testing locations in the. Ever since the theories of heredity put forth by such men as gregor mendel and charles darwin were recognized in the late 1800s, corn has been continually. By looking at figure 1 below you can see the aleurone layer. In this lab, we will examine the mode of inheritance of these two genes by looking at the progeny of a fertilization event between a male corn flower and a female corn. Corns unique reproductive process has made it a plant breeders dream. Count the number of purple and yellow kernels in five of the rows on your ear of corn and record the number on the chart. Epistasis is a form of gene interaction in which one gene masks the phenotypic expression of another. If the layer is not pigmented colorless, the yellow color of an inner tissue shows through.
Corn zea mays is the most widely grown crop in the americas. Purpose in this lab we observed the proportions of dominant and recessive phenotypes that resulted from different crosses and analyzed them using a chi square in order to learn about the inheritance of genes and how to use chi squares. I will post a couple messages with things i have used. A lab group received an f2 ear of corn that appeared to have equal numbers of blue and yellow kernels. Count the number of smooth and shrunken seeds on the same five rows and record on the chart. There are several traits in the corn seed type the traits in. This program began in 2000, and is funded solely by. Each corn kernel seed has a dormant embryo and an enhanced nutritive layer known as the endosperm, which will support the growing embryo until it germinates and can begin providing for. Feb 25, 2015 table 2 above shows the raw data for our third ear of corn we used a test cross corn cob table 3 shows the calculations we did to get the chi square value for our third ear of corn. S smooth texture, s shrunken texture the purpose of our lab was to examine the traits exhibited on the kernels of corn found on five different rows and discern.
White, field lab technician department of agronomy introduction the northeast research and demonstration farm is an invaluable facility for the cooperative federalstate corn breeding project at iowa state university. If you are using this kit with less experienced biology students, you may need to. Using this data they perform a chi square analysis to determine the parental genotypes. Ap biology genetics lab california state university, northridge. So in the corn lab, a kernel of corn has an equal chance of being purple and plump as it does purple and wrinkled or yellow and plump vs yellow and wrinkled because the alleles separate into gametes independently of one another during meiosis when the gametes are being formed and the chromosomes with the genes are separating. Count the number of smooth and shrunken seeds on the. May 28, 2016 in this activity, students count kernels on an ear of corn. Feb 20, 2015 in my biology honors class, my lab group and i conducted an experiment to apply our newfound knowledge of genetics using multicolored and multi textured corn. Feb 23, 20 i have several worksheets and labs that i use. Genetics is basically changing life itself and the way nature intended it. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Ear lobes in people may be free hanging or completely attached to the side of the face. Field corn and popcorn varieties, as well as sweet corn, are hybridized because of the needs of commercial corn growers. Epistatic interactions will be demonstrated by the outcome of three genetic crosses, designated c, d and f.
Form hypotheses about genotypic and phenotypic ratios in the f2 generation of corn crosses. Use sampling to determine phenotypic ratios of a visible trait in the corn. The activity does not require growing the corn, so it can be completed in one class period. In my biology honors class, my lab group and i conducted an experiment to apply our newfound knowledge of genetics using multicolored and multi textured corn. These phenotypes and numbers are entered in columns 1 and 2 of the following table 2. In corn, the dominant gene r, determines the presence of colored aleurone. All kernels within a cob share the same female parent but could have many different male parents. Because blue is dominant, the convention would be to use b to represent the blue allele and b to represent yellow.
Epistatic interactions will be demonstrated by the. Scavenger hunt worksheet laminated pictures of corn and plants if real plants are unavailable. Corn genetics and chi square analysis 7302015 chi square analysis answer key corn genetics. During the lab, i counted and classified the number of dihybrid cross corn kernels in the following four categories. On two monohybrid corn, count the number of purple and yellow kernels and the smooth and shrunken kernels. Workshop participants receive free lab supplies needed for the lessons. Corn genetics chi square analysis tonybloglabreports. Feb 25, 2015 corn genetics chi square analysis objective. Corn is an excellent model to study mendelian genetics as thousands of individual plants are. Students count the corn kernels of various phenotypes on ears of genetic corn. During the lesson, given the appropriate instruction, students will be able to identify the classroomtextbooklibrary location of resources related to heredity and genetics.
545 792 594 207 38 286 1150 1030 901 585 793 95 820 89 837 218 373 1178 514 388 582 838 432 1395 473 1047 463 1216 98